On the eve of the last Christmas, the independent space probe has approached the sun before, unprecedented by any object produced by Man.
The solar energy atmosphere, the NASA solar probe probe, was to know more about the sun, for example, how it affects the spatial climate on Earth.
It was a milestone for humanity – but there was no human being involved directly in this great achievement, as the probe made their duties alone, and flying near the sun without any connection to the Earth.
Automated investigations have been sent to the solar system in the past six decades, as they reached impossible destinations for humans.
During the ten days that flew near the sun, the Parker probe exposed to the temperatures of 1000 ° C.
But the success of this space investigation – the broken progress in artificial intelligence – raises issues about what will be the role that humans will play in future spatial exploration.
“Robots develop rapidly and justify human transmission is increasingly losing power,” says Martin Reese, who occupies the position of royal astronomer in the United Kingdom. “I don't think taxpayers money should be used to send people to space.”
Reese also remembers the risk of these trips to humans.
“The only reason for sending humans [ao espaço] and [proporcionar] He argues as a wealthy experience, which should be funded with special money. “
Andrew Cots, a physicist at College University London.
“For dangerous space exploration, the best robots,” he says. “They go further and do more.”
Robots are also cheaper than humans, as Cotton argues. “With the progress of artificial intelligence, robots can become increasingly smart,” he says.
But what does this mean for future generations of astronauts? Are there tasks that human beings can do in space more than robots, no matter how advanced, cannot do?
Spatial investigations x human
The automatic spaces visited all the planets of the solar system, as well as many asteroids and comets, but humans went to two destinations: the Earth and the moon.
In all, about 700 people went to space since 1961, when Yuri Gagarin of the former Soviet Union became the first astronaut.
Most of them were in the orbit (the Earth rotates) or in sub -trips (small header to the space that lasts in minutes, on vehicles like the new Shepard of the American origin of the Blue origin).
“Prestige will always be a reason because we will have humans in space,” says Kelly Winzmith's biologist at Texas University. It is a co -author of “City on Mars” (“on Mars”).
“[Viagens ao espaço]It seems to be a consensus, it is a great way to show that your political system is working and your people are amazing. “
But besides innate desire to explore, or search for status, humans also search and experiment in the Earth's orbit, as in the International Space Station, and use it to make science progress.
Robots can contribute to this scientific research, with the ability to travel to non -hospitable places for humans, where they can use tools to study and investigate the atmosphere and surfaces.
“Humans are more diverse, and we are doing things faster than robot, but it is difficult and costly to survive in space,” says WeIINERSMTHH.
In “Orbital”, the prestigious Boker 2024, the British writer Samantha Harvey expresses this idea more singing: “The robot does not need moisture, foodstuffs, secretion, and sleep … You do not want and do not ask for anything.”
But there are negative points. Many robots are slow and systematic – for example, in Mars, investigations (remote control cars), travel at an altitude of 0.16 km/h.
“Amnesty International can overcome humans in chess, but does this mean that it can overcome humans in exploitation environments?” Ian Kroford, the world of planets at the University of London.
However, he says that the algorithms created from artificial intelligence can conduct “more efficient” investigations.
Assistant and humanoids
Technology can play a role in completing travel to human space, and launching astronauts from certain tasks so that they can focus on more important research.
Kerry and Ostaqv, the world of planets who worked in the NASA jet laboratory in California, explains AI to automate repeated tasks.
“On the surface of a planet, humans get tired and lose focus, and no machines.”
But for this, scientists will have to win the challenge: huge amounts of energy are necessary to operate large linguistic models.
“We are not able to run LLM on investigating Mars,” says Wagstaf.
“Investigation processors work with the tenth of your phone's speed” – or are unable to meet the intensive operational requirements of LLM.
Complex Human machines with automatic weapons are another type of technology that can bear the basic tasks and functions in space, especially because they are a tradition with sincerity of the physical capabilities of humans.
The Valkyrie Valkyrie was built from NASA by the Johnson Space Center to participate in a challenge that includes robotics experiences in 2013.
Weighs 136 kg and is about 1.89 meters. The robot is not completely different from one of the Star Wars Stormtroopers, but it is one in an increasing number of human skills.
A long time before the creation of Valkyrie, NASA was the first human robot designed for use in space, assuming that the tasks that humans could have done.
His hands are specially designed so that he can use the same tools as astronauts and make complex and sensitive operations such as keeping things and rotating buttons. The tasks of such were very difficult for other robots.
In 2011, the most advanced ROBONAUT model was sent to the International Space Station on the Discovery Space bus to help maintenance and assembly services.
“If we need to replace a component, or clean a solar panel, we can do this from a robotic point of view,” says Sean Azmi, the leader of Johnson Space Team in NASA in Texas.
“We see robots as a way to protect these habitats when humans are not present.”
It argues that robots may be useful, not to replace humans, but to work with them.
Some robots are already working on other planets without humans, including making some decisions alone.
The curiosity probe, for example, explores an area of Mars called Cratera Gale and performs some scientific tasks independently, without interference from humans.
“You can ask for the probe to take pictures of something, and search for rocks that meet the scientific priorities of the task, and then, independently, throw the laser on this goal,” says Wagstaf.
“It can analyze a rock and send data to the ground during humans.”
But investigative skills, such as curiosity, are slowly limited. Another thing they cannot compete with: humans have the ability to inspire people on Earth.
Professor Cots says: “Inspiration is intangible.”
Leroy Chiao, a retired astronaut in NASA, who flew three times to space in the nineties and millennia of the last century. “Humans respond better to humans.”
“The general public is interested in automatic missions, but I believe that the arrival of the first Mars will be a bigger event than the first mission to the moon.”
Life in Mars?
Humans have not fly beyond the orbit of lands since December 1972, when the last mission traveled to the moon. NASA expects to return astronauts to the moon's land in this decade, with Artemis.
In 2026, four moon's astronauts will rotate. In 2027, another task of NASA astronauts will return to the moon's soil.
The Chinese Space Agency also intends to send astronauts to the moon.
On the other hand, Elon Musk, the richest man in the world and the owner of the American Spacex Transport Company, announced plans that include space exploring.
He said he intends to create a colony on Mars, where humans can land.
Your plan is to use Starship, a missile that develops your company to carry up to 100 people at a time when Red Planet. According to him, the goal is that within 20 years, there are a million people on Mars.
“Musk argues that we need to move to Mars as an alternative plan for humanity if something catastrophic happens on the ground,” says WeinersMith.
“If you bought this idea, the transmission of humans to space is necessary.”
However, there are many obstacles, including countless technical challenges that must be overcome so that humans can live in Mars.
“Perhaps children cannot develop in this environment,” she says. “There are moral questions like this that we do not have an answer.”
“I think we should reduce speed.”
Martin Reese imagines a different scenario. In this, human and human explorations of the area meet to the extent that humans become partly, machines to survive in harsh environments.
“I imagine that they will use all kinds of genetic change techniques and complement Sipurg to survive in very hostile environments,” he says.
“We may have a new type that is happy to live on Mars.”
Until then, however, people will continue to walk in a short time towards the universe, after an open path, long ago, by automatic explorers.
