Diseases such as diabetes and hypothyroidism, as well as the use of certain medications, such as diuretics, beta-blockers, anabolic steroids and female hormones (such as estrogen and progestin), can reduce HDL levels. Genetics also plays an important role in HDL levels, influencing the production and regulation of proteins involved in metabolism and transport. However, “genetic changes that affect HDL metabolism are less common than low HDL levels caused by conditions such as metabolic syndrome,” says Hilma Veloso, PhD in Nutrition and professor at UFMA (Federal University of Maranhão).
Aging also affects cholesterol levels, negatively impacting the relationship between LDL and HDL. This change is particularly evident in women approaching menopause, contributing to an increased risk of heart disease.
“Although hormone replacement therapy can improve quality of life by relieving menopausal symptoms, it does not offer significant benefits in reducing the risk of heart attack or stroke,” says the cardiologist.
According to the guidelines of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology, hormone replacement therapy is ideal when performed for up to ten years after the onset of menopause. After this period, the use of hormone replacement therapy can increase cardiovascular health risks.
According to the experts he consulted, live wellAdopting a healthy lifestyle has a direct impact not only on increasing good cholesterol, but also on reducing bad cholesterol. Here are some tips they recommended:
Regular exercise: Regular exercise, especially aerobic activities like walking, jogging, or cycling, can significantly raise HDL levels. It’s recommended to get at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week. Additionally, incorporating strength training and stretching can enhance cardiovascular health benefits. “To improve lipid profiles, especially HDL, it’s essential to perform aerobic exercise at an intensity between 60% and 80% of your maximum capacity,” says Dietrich. “This capacity can be assessed with tests such as ergonomics tests or cardiopulmonary tests.”
